Parliament’s first reading [of the budget] to final passage under urgency procedures takes 14 to 21 days, which lands the final vote between November 26 and December 5. Presidential ratification takes another 5 to 7 days, putting the signed budget into law between December 3 and December 12. Iraq’s financial year opens January 1. The new rate would take effect concurrent with the budget’s implementation, meaning the earliest functional exchange rate change goes live between December 15 and January 1.
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